Practice exercise-card in mathematics.



Patented oef. 19, 1915.

1'. w. STUDEBAKER;

ZUM/7.9.5555

v PATENT JOHN wenn STUDEBAKER, or Das MOINES, tower- 1 -rRActrIcE ninemsn-CARD 'IN MA"rmiivrirnos. l

To all 'w/om it may concern."

Be it known that I, JOHN WARD S'rUISEr' QBAKER, a citizen of the.,United States, and

- specification; The 'bject practice 'exercise'. cardA for mathematics-of resident of'Des Moines, in the county of lPolkand State of Iowa, have 'invented cer-- tain new and useful Practice Exercise-Cards.

in Mathematics, of which the following is a of my invention is to provide a1 simple, durable and inexpensive' construe# Y '.tion', y so made Vand arranged vthat certain problems may be shown by suitable indicat- Aing characters on'the face of the card adj ans' centtol openings adapted to beplaced over suigable writing material v'and that the answ rs or resultsV of the working out of the 12g/x problems may be shown on the opposite side ofthe sheet' adjacent tothe openings therein.

arrangement and comblnation ofthe various parts of the device-whereby the objects con- My invention consists in the construction,

templated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth pointed out my claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

inwhich: i Figure l shows the face of an exercise card embodying my invention, illustratingl simple problems kin addition, and showing the totals of the lirstseries of problems in the lower sheet of paper. Fig. 2 shows the exercise card turned over for checking the replication,

sults of the addition. Fig. 3 shows the face 4of a modiliedform of my exercise card illustrating the cards used for problems in multiand showing the result of one of the problems on the lower paper. Fig. 4

' shows a reverse side of the card shown in FigQ, illustrating the construction of the card, and the method for checking the an- -In the accompanying drawings, I have "shown in Figs.' 3 and 4, a slightly modified cise cards may be made.

VIn the accompanying drawings, in Fig. l, I have used thereference numeral 10 to 1nd1- cate nerally a card which may be made of suitable construction, preferably of some tough. aper capable of withstanding considerab rough handling;

The card it) is provided 11, preferably arrangedlm-'horiannata-i rsws from the top to the bttOm- Ofthe e pasteoard or the like, and may be of any characters 16 above the openings, arranged lfor -problems in multiplication. The 1ndi.

'with a series .of

Specincation of lLetters Patent.' 'l Patent-'eli O (Izt. Application fue@ May 25,1915. -seria1No.-3o,4o6.

Card', as illustrated in rig. Above the -'tractioIL The card illustrated,Y however, is the card'l used foradditiomvas'will be more fullj)7 explained. f

in Fig. 1, the card is placed-over asheet-of openingsl are :certain indicating ,characters ll arranged to form methematical problems. The cardsmay contain indicating characters l2 showingthe nature ofthe problems! 'The indicating characters 11, shownV in'F'ig.: il; 5 form problems eitherin l addition or \sub- In the practlcal use of .the card-10h, showin white paper or over 4any material capable of -receiving suitable impressions, and the pupil,A

' places the total of the -addition inlthe open ing below the problem.' Itwillfbe notedthat where the card is usedv for subtraction, the operation is the same, 'except that the lower number is subtracted lfrom the upper number instead of being added thereto. "The total thus 'obtained i's set-down on ,afsheetfov paper below thecard l0; thecard 10j i'sthen turned over until the upper lrowof openings register with the upper row of totals-on the 'ters 13, giving the total of the 'additions of the'dii'erent columns onl the face* of the Card..

It' will lbe noted that 'the' totals* are,`x s o arranged that by simply turning the? card over lower"sheet. The back orzrevers'eface of the;A card 10, is provided with indicating charac# f the total of the addition'ofjeolumn A', sho-wn-`A way, so that when the card -is reversed, the l totals printed on the card will be immediately adjacent to the openings 'over the totals made by the pupil, as illustrated in Fig. 2, so that theresults of theworkingof the problems may be quickly and easily compared and' checked.

In Fig. 3, l have shown a similar card indicated by the reference character 14:, having the openings 15 arranged preferably in` horizontal rows, as "shown, with indicating eating charactersl'? show the nature of the problems on the sheet '14. The openings 1 5v are-'larger than the. openings 11, shown in f In F 4, I have illustrated the reverse side 'ofthe card, 14 and alsohave shown the y results of the multiplication problems 'just below. the openi lems are more'complicate'd and-involve more numerals. 1

s, instead of just above them. It will be een, howeverthat the in-1 .`dicating characters 18 -showing the results cover by this a plication any such modified my claims.

forms'las. may b included within the scope of 4The -advantages of my cards be largely seen from :the foregoing description.

, By the use. of cards ofthis kind,the teacher vthe black board, or.-of reading it to the class.

is saved the'time of copying die problem on The pupils .are saved the problem on paper.

l In addition to the saving of time already referred to, it is possible, lwhere my cards are the time. of copying used, for the teacher to give more attention to the individual pupil and furnish the individual pupil with the Work demanded by his particular needs. For instance, if the majority of a class need Work in addition, While one or t care advanced in additiombut lag-4 gard in multiplication, tlie one or two pupils mentioned may be given multiplication cards, Whilel the rest ofthe class may be given the addition cards.

- check-thel 'results' of their calculations by VThe p Ipils-are able to'quickly and yeasily:V

sinliply turning the cards over.

he cards may be us'ed repeatedl the, saving of -"time is accomplis ed each time the cards are used. I'clair'n, as my invention:

1. In a device ofthe class described, a'card -having a plurality of openings, indicating acentcharacters on .one sideof'sa'id card ad A to said openings for'mathematical pro lems,l

said openings being' of such s'izeas to permit pupils to mark through them' on paper vor'- -the like placed below the card'for settingv down the results ofthe problems'indicate vided on their reverse sides tv ith indicating characters showing the results of the problems on the face of the card. v

'In a device ofthe class described, a card.4

having a., plurality of openings, indicating characterson .one side of sa'idcard 'adjacent to 'said openings for mathematical 'prob lems, said openings being of such size as' to l permit `Apupils t'o mark through them on -paper or the like placed v below the card for .on the face ofthe card, said cards beingv prosetting down the results of the problems-in- .dica'ted on the face of the card, said-cards lbeing provided on theirl reverse-sides with indicating characters showing the results of the problems on the face of the' card, said result 'indicating characters being so arranged adjacentto the openings in -the card that when the card is turned over the result i of each calculation `will be shownadjallt. to fthe calculation made by the pupil-through the opening inthe card.

f lDes Moines, IowalMay 21,1915.` y IOHN TARD STUDEBKERL Witnesses: j

'-J, MAHER,

iA. SHERMAN. 

